Growth hormone and gut function are connected through endocrine pathways involved in intestinal tissue growth, nutrient transport and the body’s response to intestinal injury. Growth hormone (GH) acts through its own receptor and through insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a Read more…

Growth hormone and skin biology are closely connected through the activity of fibroblasts, keratinocytes and other cells responsible for maintaining the skin’s structure. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) influence several processes involved in dermal maintenance, extracellular Read more…

Growth hormone and the brain are connected through more than the pituitary gland’s role in hormone secretion. Growth hormone (GH) receptors are found in several regions of the central nervous system, and research suggests that GH and insulin-like growth factor Read more…

Growth hormone and adipose tissue have a well-established relationship in endocrine research. Growth hormone (GH) does more than regulate growth through insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). It also acts directly on fat cells, influencing the release of stored fatty acids, Read more…

Growth hormone and liver function are connected through a complex relationship involving hormone production, metabolic regulation and cellular signalling. The liver is a major target of growth hormone (GH), but it is also responsible for producing most of the insulin-like Read more…

Growth hormone and kidney function are closely connected through the regulation of renal blood flow, filtration and electrolyte balance. Although growth hormone (GH) is primarily associated with growth and metabolism, the kidneys are important targets of GH and insulin-like growth Read more…

Growth hormone and cardiovascular health are connected through several endocrine pathways that influence cardiac muscle, blood vessels and metabolic regulation. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) contribute to normal cardiovascular physiology, but their effects depend on hormone Read more…

Growth hormone and immune function are connected through interactions between the endocrine and immune systems. Although growth hormone (GH) is best known for its involvement in growth and metabolism, researchers have also examined its effects on lymphocyte development, thymic tissue Read more…

Growth hormone and bone metabolism are connected through the regulation of skeletal growth, bone formation and tissue remodelling. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) influence bone cells throughout life, from childhood growth plate activity to the maintenance Read more…

Growth hormone receptor mutations provide some of the clearest evidence that producing growth hormone (GH) and responding to it are separate biological processes. The growth hormone receptor (GHR) allows cells to recognise GH and activate intracellular pathways involved in growth, Read more…